Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Gallstone Disease A Brief Review

Gallstone disease is a gastrointestinal that results from the dysfunction of cholesterol, bile, and bilirubin metabolism. Gallstones in gallbladder are common form through cholelithiasis. They can also grow biliary ducts choledocholithiasis. In industrial countries, gallstone has increased prevalence affects up to 20% adult population. Its major risk factors female gender, age, obesity, type 2 diabetes, rapid weight loss, physical inactivity, genetic traits. Various systems for classification available. classified as pigmented, mixed gallstones accordance with their chemical composition. either asymptomatic or symptoms manifest pain right upper part abdomen, fever, jaundice. The pathogenesis this related interaction between environmental factors, which include hepatic cholesterol hypersecretion, bile supersaturation, mucin, inflammatory changes, intestinal hypomotility, hyperabsorption, gut microbe alterations. mutations transporter ABCC8 cholecystokinin receptor gene. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes increase developing disease. standard diagnostic method ultrasound imaging. Medical treatment involves administration acid drugs and/or cholecystectomy.